What is a Surge Protector and Why Do You Need One?
Surge protectors are essential devices that prevent costly damage to your electronics from unexpected power surges. Whether you’re protecting a high-end gaming console, a computer, or a home theatre system, a surge protector is the first line of defence. But how do surge protectors work, and how do you know which one works best for your needs? This guide will walk you through everything you have to know about surge protection, from understanding the basics to selecting and maintaining the best surge protector for your home or office.
What is the point of using surge protectors
What is the purpose of surge protection? A surge protector is a device designed to protect electronic equipment from power surges—sudden increases in voltage that can damage or destroy sensitive components. Power surges can be caused by various factors, such as lightning strikes, faulty wiring, or high-powered devices like air conditioners cycling on and off.
In modern homes, microprocessors and sensitive electronics are more susceptible to surges than ever. A surge protector helps absorb or divert the excess voltage away from your devices, keeping them safe and extending their lifespan.
How Does a Surge Protector Work?
To understand how a surge protector works, we first need to understand voltage and power surges.
- Voltage is the pressure that pushes electrical current through a circuit. In Canada, household voltage typically measures 120 volts
- power surge or transient voltage occurs when the voltage rises above the standard level, which can overheat wires and potentially damage electronic circuits.
Most surge protectors contain a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) that acts as a pressure-sensitive valve, diverting excess voltage safely to the ground line when it exceeds a safe level.
This MOV includes three parts: a piece of metal oxide material between two semiconductors. When voltage levels are normal, the MOV remains inactive. When voltage spikes, the MOV lowers its resistance, absorbing and redirecting excess voltage to prevent damage.
Other surge protectors use a Gas Discharge Arrester (GDA) or series circuit designs. GDAs are more common in industrial or high-powered settings, like substations, and divert excess current into the ground. Series circuit designs absorb and gradually release excess energy, slowing the surge instead of dumping it to the ground line.
Types of Surge Protectors
- Basic Power Strip Surge Protector
These plug-in power strips are the most common type, providing surge protection for individual devices or clusters of small electronics. They often include multiple outlets and are ideal for everyday electronics. - Whole-House Surge Protector
Installed at the main electrical panel, whole-house surge protectors offer protection across all home circuits. They are highly effective for large appliances and essential electronics throughout the house. Whole-house protectors are usually installed by an electrician to protect against both internal and external surges. - Surge Protector Power Bar
A variation of the basic power strip, these provide more robust protection with additional features, like USB ports and line conditioning, making them suitable for offices and entertainment setups. - Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
A UPS combines surge protection with battery backup. During a power outage, it provides continuous power from its battery, giving users a chance to save work or safely shut down. UPS devices are recommended for computers and essential office electronics. - Combination Surge Protectors with Coaxial and Ethernet Protection
These protectors are ideal for homes with internet-connected devices. They shield both the power lines and data lines, preventing surges from damaging modems, routers, and other devices connected through coaxial or Ethernet cables.
Key Features of a Surge Protector
For the best surge protection, choose a device with a high joule rating (1,000+), low clamping voltage (330-400V), and fast response time. Ensure it has enough well-spaced outlets, any extra ports you need, and is UL-listed for safety.
- Joule Rating: The joule rating indicates the energy absorption capacity of a surge protector. A higher rating provides more protection. For sensitive devices like computers, look for at least 1,000 joules, while devices with higher power needs should have 2,000 joules or more.
- Clamping Voltage: This refers to the voltage level at which the surge protector will divert excess energy. Lower clamping voltages (330-400 volts) mean faster protection and are recommended for sensitive electronics.
- Response Time: Surge protectors don’t activate instantly. A shorter response time (less than 1 nanosecond) ensures faster protection during a surge.
- Number of Outlets and Port Types: Consider how many outlets you need and look for options with well-spaced outlets for larger plugs. Some models come with USB ports, coaxial protection, or phone line protection.
- Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Rating: Ensure the surge protector is UL-listed as a transient voltage surge suppressor. This certification (UL 1449) confirms the device meets minimum safety standards for surge protection.
Surge Protector Ratings and How to Read Them
Surge protector packaging often includes three critical ratings:
- Energy Absorption (Joules): Look for surge protectors rated at least 400 joules, or 600+ joules for better protection.
- Clamping Voltage: UL ratings include 330V, 400V, and 500V. Lower clamping voltage means better protection.
- Response Time: The shorter, the better. Less than one nanosecond is ideal.
Specific Surge Protection Needs for Various Devices
Each device in your home or office has unique power protection needs:
- Computers and Home Offices: Use a surge protector with high joule ratings and data line protection to keep computers and peripherals safe.
- Entertainment Centers and TVs: A power strip with line conditioning and multiple outlets is ideal for TVs, audio systems, and gaming consoles.
- Large Appliances (Refrigerators, Washers, and Dryers): Whole-house surge protection is highly recommended for heavy-duty appliances.
- Smart Home Devices: Protect connected devices like security cameras and smart thermostats with a surge protector that includes coaxial and Ethernet protection.
Proper Use and Maintenance of Surge Protectors
To get the most out of your surge protector, follow these tips:
- Placement: Keep surge protectors away from moisture, extreme heat, and flammable objects. Place them in locations where electronics are used the most, like home offices and living rooms.
- Regular Inspection: Surge protectors degrade over time, especially after handling several surges. Many models have indicator lights to show active protection. If the light is off, it’s time for a replacement.
- Replacement Schedule: Replace surge protectors every 3-5 years, or sooner if you experience significant surges. High-quality surge protectors may last longer, but if they show signs of wear or the indicator light goes out, replace them.
- Avoid Overloading: Do not chain multiple surge protectors or power strips together. Overloading can lead to overheating, incorrect voltage output, and potential fire hazards.
Surge Protection and Electrical Panel Upgrades upgrade
Surge protection is most effective when integrated with an updated electrical system. Older panels may struggle to handle modern electrical demands, increasing the risk of power surges and damage to your devices. Upgrading your electrical panel ensures a stable power supply, better compatibility with whole-house surge protection, and enhanced safety for your home or office. If your panel hasn’t been upgraded in years, combining an upgrade with surge protection can offer comprehensive security for your electronics. Learn more about electrical panel upgrades and their benefits.
Common Causes of Power Surges
Power surges can occur for several reasons:
- Lightning Strikes: Although rare, lightning can produce millions of volts, enough to overwhelm almost any surge protector. For best protection, unplug devices during a storm.
- High-Powered Devices: Appliances like air conditioners and refrigerators can cause minor surges that gradually wear down electronics.
- Faulty Wiring and Downed Power Lines: Electrical system issues, either at home or through utility lines, can create surges. Surge protectors help mitigate the damage from these unpredictable events.
Conclusion
Investing in a high-quality surge protector is a simple yet crucial step to safeguarding your valuable electronics. By understanding the types of surge protectors available, knowing the key features to look for, and following proper maintenance practices, you can ensure long-lasting protection. Whether you’re looking to protect a home theatre system, a high-end gaming setup, or essential office equipment, surge protectors offer peace of mind and prevent costly repairs.
Ready to find the perfect surge protection solution? Explore our wide range of surge protection products designed to meet every need, from whole-house units to advanced power strips with USB ports. Protect your electronics today for a more secure tomorrow.